passive voice, causative have

pengertian , Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.
Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

passive voice
Catatan:

Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.

Contoh: She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular atau irregular.

Contoh: play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:
Komponen Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject be PP
I am paid I am paid in dollars.
(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe is used The red velvet recipe is used by many people.
(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes are washed All of my shoes are washed every month.
(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
large amounts of meat and milk are consumed Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries.
(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book was edited The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books were edited The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.
Contoh:

I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack


"Have" Causative
The Causative Verbs
-- Have --

We use this structure to talk about having something done by a third person. We want something to be done by somebody else.

Have is usually used for having something done by somebody who is naturally doing that job. For example, a mechanic, whose job is to repair cars, repairs your car or a hairdresser cuts your hair.

I must have the mechanic check my car.

You should have your hair cut by a hairdresser.

Tense Change: We can change the tense of the have.

I have my car washed every Sunday.
I must have my car washed every Sunday.
I will have my car washed every Sunday.
She has her car washed every Sunday.
I had my car washed every Sunday.
I have had my car washed every Sunday.
I can have my car washed every Sunday.
I am going to have my car washed every Sunday.
I should have my car washed every Sunday.
and to use more tenses and modals is possible.

There are two forms of doing causative with "have", passive or active.

Active Form

Have + somebody + do (verb 1) + something

In active form, we use somebody and base form of the verb (verb 1) after the verb "have".

Mary had the nurse check her temperature.

I must have the mechanic check my car.

We've had a web designer make our website.

I have the cleaners wash the floor every day.

She will have Taner paint the house.

Please have your secretary fax me the letter.


Passive Form

Have + something + done (verb 3) + (by someone)

In passive form, we use something and past participle of the verb (verb 3) after the verb "have".

Mary had her temperature checked by the nurse.

I must have my car checked by the mechanic.

We've had our website made by a web designer.

I have the floor cleaned by the cleaners every day.

She will have the house painted by Tom.

Please have the letter faxed me by your secretary.

sumber
http://www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/causatives-with-verb-have.html
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice